Summary

According to UNEP estimates, to achieve the Paris Agreement goal, greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 42% by 2030 and by 57% by 2035 compared to 2019 levels (an average of 7.5% per year). In 2023, global emissions reached a record high of 57.1 gigatonnes of CO₂ equivalent (+ 1.3% compared to 2022). Experts warn of the risks of temperature increase of 2.6–3.1°C by the end of the century, which will lead to serious consequences for human health, ecosystems and economies. Possible solutions include scaling up solar and wind energy, maintaining and increasing forest cover. G20 countries, which account for 77% of global emissions, must play a leading role in promoting the principles of sustainable development.