Summary

According to estimates by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), global foreign direct investment (FDI) volumes declined by 11% in 2023–2024, reaching USD 1.5 trillion. Worsening economic forecasts, rising trade barriers, and increasing geopolitical tensions are the main factors affecting investor sentiment. The lowest figures were recorded in Europe (-58%) and in Latin America and the Caribbean (-12%). In contrast, FDI inflows to Africa reached record levels (+75%). The top destinations for foreign investment were the United States (USD 279 billion), Singapore (USD 143 billion), and Hong Kong (USD 126 billion). The main sources of outbound investment were the United States (USD 266 billion), Japan (USD 204 billion), and China (USD 163 billion). Among the most rapidly growing sectors is the digital economy, which saw a 14% increase in FDI. However, investment flows remain highly concentrated, with over 80% of projects located in just 10 countries. UNCTAD calls for coordinated international efforts to address financial imbalances, emphasizing the role of multilateral development banks and public-private partnerships in mobilizing capital and reducing risks.