Summary

According to the United Nations (UN), global economic losses from natural disasters amount to USD 202 billion annually. The actual costs, including cascading effects and damage to ecosystems, exceed USD 2.3 trillion. Developing countries remain the most vulnerable, with losses potentially reaching several tens of percent of GDP. Experts highlight the inefficiency of the current disaster response model. More than 96% of funding is allocated to recovery and reconstruction, while only 4% is directed toward risk prevention and strengthening infrastructure resilience. As part of its disaster risk management system reform, the UN recommends adopting a risk-based approach in public financial planning, improving insurance mechanisms that consider local contexts, expanding access to reliable data on natural hazards, and actively using international financial instruments to prevent humanitarian and debt crises.