Summary

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has released its annual report on maritime transport. According to experts, global seaborne trade grew by 2.2% in 2024, while cargo volumes measured in ton-miles increased by 5.9%. Geopolitical tensions and trade restrictions have disrupted global supply chains, leading to longer shipping routes, higher operating costs, and greater port congestion. Between December 2023 and March 2024, average port waiting times rose by 23% (to 6.4 hours) in developed countries and by 7% (to 10.9 hours) in developing countries. Shifts in trade routes and patterns are not only reshaping the geography of maritime trade but are also driving a transformation of the shipping industry. Digital solutions, such as maritime single windows and port community systems, are becoming essential to improving port efficiency. Another pressing challenge is decarbonization: shipping emissions increased by 5% in 2024, while only 8% of the global fleet tonnage is currently equipped to use alternative fuels.